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Nursing Science Quarterly
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Self-Care: A Foundational Science

Mary J. Denyes, RN; PhD; FAAN

College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan

Dorothea E. Orem, MSN Ed; FAAN

Consultant, Savannah, Georgia

Gerd Bekel, SozWiss, RN; FIG

Cloppenburg, Germany

Further development of conceptual elements of the theory of self-care, one of the three constituent theories of Orem’s self-care deficit theory of nursing, is reported. Five content areas of a practical science of self-care are identified; one content area, self-care requisites, is refined and developed. The nature of self-care requisites is reformulated; guides and standards for the expression of self-care requisites, examples of expressed self-care requisites, and a self-care practice guide are described. These developments are illustrated using the example of the requisite to maintain an adequate fluid intake.

Key Words: Orem • self-care • self-care deficit theory of nursing • self-care requisites • theory of self-care

Nursing Science Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 1, 48-54 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/089431840101400113
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